The paper uses baseline and one-year follow-up data from the national Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to compare the hardships of TANF-eligible mothers and their one-year-old children across the following four groups: (1) mothers who were receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) at the time of the follow-up interview; (2) those who received TANF during the past year but no longer received it, possibly because they were sanctioned or hit term limits; (3) those who received TANF during the past year but no longer received it, were not sanctioned, and could not have hit term limits; and (4) those who did not receive TANF at all during the past year. We look at a variety of outcomes including material hardship, poor physical health and poor mental health of mothers, and poor general health status and hospitalization of their children.