The Impact of Community Violence, Personal Victimization, and Paternal Support on Maternal Harsh Parenting
Type
Harsh parenting practice, also referred as parental violence, is a precursor to child maltreatment (Rodriguez, 2010), which is related to serious child behavioral problems such as higher levels of child aggressive and delinquent behaviors (Callahan, Scaramella, Laird, & Sohr-Preston, 2011; Zhang & Eamon, 2011), adolescent antisocial behaviors (Patterson, 2002), and lifetime alcohol dependency in women (Downs, Capshew, & Rindels, 2004). Given its effect, various risk factors associated with harsh parenting practices have been examined. To date, research has identified personal victimization history as one of the major risk factors associated with maternal harsh parenting (Borre & Kliewer, 2014; Ehrensaft, Knous-Westfall, Cohen, & Chen, 2015). Despite an emerging body of research that substantiates disconcerting rates of mothers' exposure to community violence (Aisenberg, Trickett, Mennen, Saltzman, & Zayas, 2007; Zhang & Anderson, 2010; Zhang & Eamon, 2011), there is scant research on the adverse effects of such violence upon this group, while the effects of domestic violence and child maltreatment history on parenting practices have received much attention (Clark et al., 2008; Dubowitz et al., 2001).