Perinatal depression affects 13% of childbearing individuals in the U.S. and has been linked to an increased risk of household economic insecurity in the short term. This study aims to assess the relationship between perinatal depression and long-term economic outcomes. This was a longitudinal analysis of a cohort of mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study starting at delivery in 1998–2000 and followed until 2014–2017. Analysis was conducted in 2021. Maternal depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form 1 year after childbirth, and the outcomes included measures of material hardship, household poverty, and employment. Associations between maternal depression and outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and group-based trajectory modeling.