Some advocates worry that stronger child support enforcement may increase domestic violence. Theoretical predictions are ambiguous, however. Whereas stronger enforcement may increase mothers' bargaining power which would reduce violence, it also may increase fathers' motive for violence which would increase violence. This paper examines whether child support enforcement is associated with domestic violence using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We find that stricter enforcement decreases the risk of violence for married and cohabiting mothers but increases the risk among non-coresident mothers who receive welfare and have not obtained legal entitlement to child support.